The materials used in the construction of plate heat exchangers vary widely to accommodate different thermal properties, corrosion resistance, and specific application requirements. Here are some of the commonly used materials:
- Stainless Steel: This is one of the most commonly used materials due to its corrosion resistance and strength. Types such as 304, 316, and 316L stainless steel are frequently used for their good corrosion resistance and high cost performance, making them suitable for a variety of heat exchange media with low chloride ion content.
- Titanium: Known for its superior strength, lightweight, and exceptional corrosion resistance, titanium is used especially in environments that are highly corrosive, such as with sea water or salty and highly chlorinated media.
- Titanium-Palladium Alloy: This material is used for its enhanced corrosion resistance in acidic environments. It is suitable for handling media like hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid.
- Nickel and Nickel Alloys: Pure nickel or nickel alloys (such as Nickel Alloy 625) are used for their excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in high-temperature, high-concentration caustic solutions.
- Duplex Stainless Steel: This material offers high resistance to corrosion and is particularly effective in handling chloride-rich environments. Duplex stainless steel 2205 is commonly used in air-cooled heat exchangers.
- SMO 254: An austenitic stainless steel with high molybdenum content, SMO 254 provides extremely high resistance to chloride pitting and crevice corrosion, making it suitable for harsh chemical environments.
- Alloys such as Inconel, Hastelloy, and Monel: These are used for their ability to withstand harsh environments, offering high corrosion resistance and durability in various industrial applications.
- Carbon Steel: Often used where cost is a significant factor, carbon steel is suitable for less corrosive environments. It is commonly used in shell and tube heat exchangers.
- Brass and Other Alloys: These materials are selected based on their thermal conductivity and cost-effectiveness for specific applications.
- Aluminum and Alloy Steel: These materials are used for their good thermal conductivity and strength, making them suitable for various industrial applications.
Each of these materials is chosen based on factors such as the nature of the fluids being processed, operating temperatures, pressures, and the specific requirements for corrosion resistance.